A Comparison of Democratic and Totalitarian Political Systems - Compare and Contrast Outline Sample by homeworkvan

A Comparison of Democratic and Totalitarian Political Systems: Outline

Title: A Comparison of Democratic and Totalitarian Political Systems

Thesis: Democratic and totalitarian political systems are both institutions of authority that demand active and enthusiastic participation from its people; however; the key characteristics that distinguish the two political systems are control of power, degree of participation in politics, the rate of freedom and the economic system.

      I.          A key distinguishing factors between democratic and totalitarian regimes is the control of power whereby democracies function by separation of powers whereas totalitarian regimes rely on consolidation of powers.

A.    Democratic governments divide their powers into three: the executive, judiciary, and legislature (Khan and Muhammad, 2016).

B.     Totalitarian regimes centralize all their power to a single person or a small group of people.

    II.          A democratic regime is characterized by political equality whereas a totalitarian government is characterized by political inequality.

A.    Democracies typically pursue laws that allow free formulation of political preferences and free competition for political power through elections (Przeworski, Stokes, and Manin, 1999).

B.    Totalitarian regimes limit the political participation in which their citizens can engage in political activities.

  III.          Another main difference between a democratic government and a totalitarian one is the extent of freedom that the government guarantees its citizens.

A.    In democracies, the state is expected to protect and guarantee the individual rights and freedoms of its citizens. Organzations such as Freedom House rank countries according to how democratic they are (“Freedom in the World 2018”). 

B.    Totalitarian regimes restrict the freedoms of their citizens including freedom of the press, assembly and freedom of speech.

  IV.          Another difference between democratic and totalitarian regimes is the mode of production.

A.     In most democratic societies, the economic system is based on individualization, such that the economy is allowed to grow without outside intervention (Tomasi, 2012).

B.    In totalitarian regimes, a capitalist mode of production is usually preserved, but it often takes the direction of monopoly capitalism whereby monopolization of the companies is maximized and the competition in the market is reduced.

    V.           Both democratic and totalitarian regimes demand enthusiastic and active participation from its people.

A.    As much as totalitarian regimes restrict the individual rights and freedom of their people, they can create not only active but voluntary participation through ideology and propaganda (O'Shaughnessy, 2009; Sviličić and Maldini, 2013). Similarly, for a democracy to work, there needs to be active participation of citizens. 

  VI.          Democratic and totalitarian governments are also similar in the sense that they are both institutions of authority, and therefore both have the potential to oppress people.

A.     As much as a democracy separates its powers, it is possible for a majority of the citizens to elect a single party, who can then overtake and corrupt the system of equality that should be typical of democracies.

B.    For instance, Azerbaijan has been controlled by the Aliyev family and its circle of connections, making it difficult to have a democracy whereby the all the citizens have political equality (Sultanova, 2014).

References

Freedom in the World 2018. (2018, February 14). Retrieved April 05, 2018, from https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/freedom-world-2018

Gentile, E. (2004). Fascism, totalitarianism and political religion: definitions and critical reflections on criticism of an interpretation. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions, 5(3), 326-375.

Khan, M. I., & Muhammad, A. (2016). An Evaluation of Separation of Powers: A Case Study of Pakistan (2007-2013). South Asian Studies (1026-678X), 31(1), 257-274.

O'Shaughnessy, N. (2009). Selling Hitler: propaganda and the Nazi brand. Journal of Public Affairs (14723891), 9(1), 55-76.

Przeworski, A., Stokes, S. C., & Manin, B. (Eds.). (1999). Democracy, accountability, and representation (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.

Sultanova, S. (2014). Challenging the Aliyev Regime: Political Opposition In Azerbaijan. Demokratizatsiya, 22(1), 15-37.

Sviličić, N., & Maldini, P. (2013). Visual Persuasion and Politics: Ideology and Symbols of the Totalitarian Regimes’–Case Study: Hammer and Sickle. Collegium antropologicum, 37(2), 569-582.

Tomasi, J. (2012). Free Market Fairness. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

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