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한글로는 논증적 혹은 논쟁적 에세이라고 불리고 있더라구요~ Argumentative Essay 또한 정말 자주나오는 에세이 방식중에 하나이기때문에 영어권에서 유학하시는 분들은 대학교 영어 수업에서 한번쯤은 접해보셨을거라 생각되네요 :)
혹시 논증적 논쟁적 에세이 아웃라인 관련 과제 받으시거나 Argumentative Essay Outline 이 어떻게 작성되어야하는지 궁금하신분들은 참고 하시면 좋을것같아요!!
내일은 에세이 완성본 올리도록 할게요!
감사합니다 :)
Argumentative Essay Outline Sample: 논증 논쟁적 에세이 아웃라인 샘플
The Challenge of Euroscepticism: Outline
1.
Introduction
a. Hook:
The vote by the United Kingdom to exist the European Union (EU) was an
existential shock to British and EU relations and a wake-up call to the growing
skepticism towards the European Union.
b.
Background
i. EU
has diverse interests and has been largely positive (Jones, Menon, &
Weatherill, 2012).
ii. Skeptics
decry the benefits of integration
c. Thesis Statement:
Despite efforts to deepen the connection between EU member states, Euroscepticism
has been on a rise as a result of the 2008 financial crisis, the migrant
challenge in Europe, the bureaucracy and transparency within the EU, and a rise
in popularity in Eurosceptic parties.
2. Topic Sentence:
The damaging impact of the 2008 financial crisis and the resulting remedial
measures has fueled the Euroscepticism not only among debt-ridden Euro nations,
but among all other constituent countries.
a. EU
has tied the economic policies, laws and regulations of the different member
states.
b. Financial crisis of 2008 increased the debt
burden of states such as Spain and Greece (Pavolini, León, Guillén, & Ascoli, 2015).
c. Affected
Euro countries received unpopular austerity measures that increased doubt over
the EU (Stavrakakis &
Katsambekis, 2014).
d. Repayment
difficulties have also increased doubt among countries financially supporting debt-ridden
member countries.
e. Concluding Sentence:
2008 financial crisis has eroded the special relationship enjoyed among
European nations.
3. Topic sentence:
More recently, the European migrant crisis and the social burden experienced
among the populace has fueled doubt on whether the supranational
decision-making systems serve to meet the best interests of member states.
a. European
Union has been an attractive destination for millions of displaced persons
seeking stability, safety, and prosperity.
b. Exterior
countries have been disproportionally affected.
c. Dublin
regulation stipulated that the country of entry would be responsible for a
refugee (Jones et al., 2012).
d. The
record flow of immigrants into exterior countries has increased their social and
increased anti-immigrant tension (Kattago,
2017).
e. Concluding Sentence:
EU has become unpopular as countries want to enact stricter immigration
policies independently.
4. Topic sentence:
European solidarity has been put to the rest following increased terrorist
attacks on European social that has created a climate of resentment and feat.
a. In
2015, terrorists attacked France killing and injuring people in the hundreds (Kepel,
2017).
b. Similar
attacks have made terrorism a significant threat in the EU but not all
countries are affected equally.
c. There is lack of adequate information sharing
and cooperation in anti-terror efforts (Markortoff, 2016),
d. Concluding
Sentence: Terror attacks and cross-border movement has provided fodder for
Eurosceptic parties in Europe to shift public sentiment against the EU.
5. Topic sentence:
Beyond issues with migrants, debt, and terrorism, Euroscepticism is part of a
long-standing interest over the legitimacy of the EU and the bureaucracy of the
system.
a. Skeptics
argue that there is a deficit in democracy in EU policy making (Ford & Goodwin, 2017).
b. This
perception of a reduced role does not match reality (Jones et al., 2012).
c. Complexity
of policy-making reduces transparency of the process among the general public (Baratta,
2014).
d. Negotiations
between EU institutions are sometimes conducted in secret (Brandsma, 2018)
e. The
administrative functions of the EU contribute to a large bureaucracy with a
high administrative expense.
f. Concluding Sentence:
This expense budget has been a bone of contention among skeptics fueling the
negative sentiment on the bureaucracy of the EU system.
6. Topic sentence:
Finally, the rise of nationalism and populism in Europe has increased anxiety
on continued European integration and parties ride on a platform of
disintegration.
a. In
June 2016, the UK run a special referendum to determine the countries continued
stay in the EU motivated by Euroskeptic parties (Ford & Goodwin, 2017).
b. Similar
parties have been on a rise across Europe leading to a reduced faith in the EU
(Stokes, 2015).
c. Such
parties leverage real concerns and use nationalism and populism to increase
their standing.
d. Their
action are divisive and capable of disturbing the fragile peace in Europe (Kattago,
2019).
e. Concluding Sentence:
If Brexit is anything to go by, then Eurosceptic parties present as a real
challenge to EU integration.
7. Conclusion
a. Restated Thesis:
The continued existence of the EU is threatened by the fallout from the 2008
global financial crisis, the influx of migrants into Europe, concerns over
democracy and transparency in the EU bureaucracy, and the rise in nationalist
and populist parties in Europe.
b. Summary:
i. The
financial crisis brought demonstrated the deep economic ties between member
nations.
ii. Migrant
crisis has increased the popularity of disintegration in order to institute
independent immigration policies.
iii. Terror
attacks have lessened the need for free movement of persons in Europe.
iv. Reduced
decision-making among national legislators and the lack of transparency in the
EU has increased resentment.
v. Eurosceptic
parties have fueled further division over integration.
c. Take-away:
The seeds of doubt will only grow if the EU administrative arms fail to
institute reforms and demonstrate to the general European public the benefits
of the complex relationship that is the EU.
References
Baratta, R. (2014). Complexity of EU law in the
domestic implementing process. The Theory and Practice of Legislation, 2(3),
293-308.
Brandsma, G. J. (2018). Transparency of EU
informal trilogues through public feedback in the European Parliament: promise
unfulfilled. Journal of European Public Policy, 1-20.
Ford, R., & Goodwin, M. (2017). Britain
after Brexit: A nation divided. Journal of Democracy, 28(1),
17-30.
Jones,
E., Menon, A., & Weatherill, S. (2012). The Oxford Handbook of the European
Union. Oxford: UK, Oxford University Press.
Kattago, S. (2017). The End of the European
Honeymoon?: Refugees, Resentment and the Clash of Solidarities. Anthropological
Journal of European Cultures, 26(1), 35-52.
Kepel, G. (2017). Terror in France: The
rise of jihad in the west (Vol. 64). Princeton University Press.
Markortoff,
K. (2016, April 19). Testing Europe: How terrorism could make or break the union.
CNBC. Retrieved from https://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/19/testing-europe-how-terrorism-could-make-or-break-the-union.html
Pavolini, E., León, M., Guillén, A. M., &
Ascoli, U. (2015). From austerity to permanent strain? The EU and welfare state
reform in Italy and Spain. Comparative European Politics, 13(1),
56-76.
Schumacher, P. Refugee crisis in Europe. In T.
Riggs and K. J. Edgar (Eds.), Immigration
and Migration: In Context (pp. 655-663). Gale.
Stavrakakis, Y., & Katsambekis, G. (2014).
Left-wing populism in the European periphery: the case of SYRIZA. Journal
of political ideologies, 19(2), 119-142.
Stokes, B. (2015). Faith in European project reviving: But most say rise of Eurosceptic
parties is a good thing. Pew Research Center.
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