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이번 포스트에서는 Cause and Effect 에세이 아웃라인 샘플을 하나 올려 드릴거에요!
한글로는 원인과 결과 에세이라고 부르더라구요~ Cause and Effect Essay 도 자주나오는 에세이 방식중에 하나이기때문에 참고하실수있게 포스팅해드려요 :)
혹시 원인과 결과 에세이 관련 과제 받으시거나 Cause and Effect Essay Outline 이 어떻게 작성되어야하는지 궁금하신분들은 참고 하시면 좋을것같아요!
감사합니다! :)
Cause and Effect Essay Outline Sample: 원인과 결과 에세이 아웃라인 샘플
Causes and Effects of Global Warming: Research Outline
Thesis: An increase in
greenhouse gases due to the economic exploitation of natural resources and
expanding scope of human activities has contributing to a global warming of average
Earth surface temperatures that could potentially lead harmful social,
economic, and environmental consequences.
1. Greenhouse molecules responsible for heat regulation on the lower
atmosphere as well as the surface of the Earth.
A.
Long-lasting greenhouse gases
are said to be forcing climate change, while other molecules act as feedbacks
to changes in surface temperature.
B.
The most common forms of
greenhouse gases implicated in global warming are carbon dioxide, nitrous
oxide, methane, water vapor, and chloroflurocarbons. While water vapor is the
most abundant greenhouse gas, and most responsible for feedback mechanisms. CO2
is a minor component but very important in forced climate change, and its
levels have been rising since the Industrial Revolution (Sherwood et al., 2016).
2. The causes of global warming are all related to the increase in the
human population; leading to more increased need for fossil fuels, land for
settlement and economic exploitation, as well as demand for agriculture
(Bilgen, 2014).
A.
Burning fossil fuels such as
coal and petroleum increases emission of carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide;
which are responsible for 64% and 6% of man-made global warming respectively
(Bilgen, 2014). Increased demand for fossil fuel for electricity generates
accounts for 40% of CO2 emissions in the United States; and this is mainly due
to burning coal (Lewis, 2016).
B.
Fossil fuels are also used in transportation
and manufacturing.
C.
Deforestation interferes with
the natural cycle of CO2; both by interfering with carbon capture and releasing
additional carbon to the environment.
D.
Increased livestock and crop
farming affects nitrous oxide levels through a combination of methods,
including use of fertilizers and biomass burning.
3. Average surface temperatures are predicted to continue rising, but
this will not be uniform across places or over time. This will cause ecosystem,
environmental, and human-social effects.
A.
Ecosystem: extinction of
species due to rising temperatures above physiological limits, and attendant
reduced ecosystem diversity (Rosatti, 2017).
B.
Environmental:
I.
Change in overall precipitation
patterns, as levels are predicted to increase overall. However, this varies as
some areas will have heavier precipitation while levels will decrease in others
(Hansel et al., 2015).
II.
Increase extremes of weather
such as heat waves and drought in some areas (Trenberth et al., 2014).
III.
Increased strength and
intensity of hurricanes and tropical cyclones.
IV.
Rising sea levels due to
expansion effects of warmer temperatures, as well as partial melting of
glaciers. This puts coastal human settlements at risk, the most relevant and
current example being the Maldives (Hansen et
al., 2015).
C.
Social: Negative effects on
crop production, danger to public health, and threatened economic
sustainability (Burke, Hsiang & Miguel, 2015).
References
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (2018). How climate is changing. Retrieved from https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/
Bilgen, S. (2014). Structure and environmental impact of global
energy consumption. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38,
890-902. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.004
Burke, M., Hsiang, S. M., & Miguel, E. (2015). Global non-linear
effect of temperature on economic production. Nature, 527(7577),
235-239. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature15725
Hansen, J., Sato, M., Hearty, P., Ruedy, R., Kelley, M., Masson-Delmotte,
V., ... & Velicogna, I. (2015). Ice melt, sea level rise and superstorms: Evidence
from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern observations that 2° C
global warming is highly dangerous. Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Discussions, 15(14), 3761-3812. doi: 10.5194/acp-16-3761-2016,
2016.
Lewis, N. S. (2016). Aspects of science and technology in support of
legal and policy frameworks associated with a global carbon emissions-control
regime. Energy & Environmental Science, 9(7),
2172-2176. doi: 10.1039/C6EE00272B.
Rossati, A. (2017). Global warming and its health impact. The
international journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 8(1
January), 963-7. doi: 10.15171/ijoem.2017.963
Sherwood,
S. C., Bony, S., Boucher, O., Bretherton, C., Forster, P. M., Gregory, J. M.,
& Stevens, B. (2015). Adjustments in the forcing-feedback framework for
understanding climate change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological
Society, 96(2), 217-228. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00167.1
Trenberth, K. E., Dai,
A., Van Der Schrier, G., Jones, P. D., Barichivich, J., Briffa, K. R., &
Sheffield, J. (2014). Global warming and changes in drought. Nature
Climate Change, 4(1), 17-22. doi: 10.1038/nclimate2067
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