Academic Essay Tutorial - Chapter 1: Reference Styles - by homeworkvan

Chapter 1: Reference Styles

This writing guide describes two of the most common writing (citation) styles used in research papers and other academic work.

The two styles; APA and MLA have distinct differences in the organization of content, formatting of content and citing references. However, there are various similarities between the two writing styles. For instance, all in text sources must appear in the reference section at the end of the paper.

APA

APA stands for American Psychological Association and it is a writing style used mostly in academic papers that fall under social science disciplines including economics, business psychology sociology, nursing among others. The distinguishing feature of APA is that it has the author-date format of in-text citations. For instance, (Smith, 2011), Smith being the author’s last name and the year being the publication date of the source.

APA Basics

·       All proper nouns such as author names should always be capitalized

·       When referring to the title of a source within the paper, all words that are four letters long or more should be capitalized: Destitution and Poverty. However, verbs, nouns, pronouns and such, should not be capitalized.

·       The first word after a colon or a dash should be capitalized: Birth of a Nation: The Rise of Thailand.

·       Titles with words longer than six should be underline or italicized: Infinity Wars v Justice League: The war to end all wars.

·       Journals and articles from edited collections with shorter words should have quotations marks around the title. 

Short Quotations

When directly quoting from a source, you should include the author, publication year and the page number: According to Smith (2011), “The United Nations is an important international body that maintains peace” (p. 44).

Long Quotations

Although they are not encouraged, long quotations (which are 40 words or longer) should be in a free-standing block of words indented half an inch from the left margin.

[EXAMPLE] 

Smith (2011) maintains the following:

Due to intense global competition, technological advancements, integration of information technology and advances in manufacturing processes, companies are forced to optimize their operations along their supply chains to deliver high-quality products in the shortest time possible (p. 57).

Author/Authors

Authors	Reference
A Work by Two Authors	Research by Keefer (2017) supports... Or (Keefer, 2017)
A Work by Three to Five Authors	The first time (Keefer, Philip, Razvan & Vlaicu, 2017). Then all other citations (Keefer et al., 2017).
Six or More Authors	Keefer et al. (2017) maintain...
Unknown Author	("Winning an Election," 2017).
Organization as an Author	First time According to The Heritage Foundation (2017),... Subsequent citations …key among them being finance (THF, 2017).
Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses	(Keefer, 2003; Razvan, 2014).
Authors With the Same Last Name:	(R. Taylor, 2001; S. Taylor, 2015).
Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year	Research by Keefer (2017a) showed that... According to Keefer (2017b)…..
Citing indirect sources	According to Keefer, there is more to winning an election that campaigning (as cited in, Taylor, 2010).

MLA

APA stands for Modern Language Association and it is a writing style used mostly in academic papers that fall under humanities disciplines including cultural studies, literature, English studies among others. The distinguishing feature of MLA is that it has the author-page format of in-text citations. For instance, (Smith, 44), Smith being the author’s last name and the 44 being the page cited.

MLA Basics

·       A title page is not required unless specifically requested.

·       Title should be Double Space and Centered in standard capitalization. However, it should not be underlined, italicizes of placed in quotation marks.

·       Titles of longer words should be italicized throughout the essay.

·       Quotations marks should be placed around the titles with fewer words.

·       It is recommended to divide an essay into sections.

Short Quotations

Indicate short quotations by enclosing them with double quotation marks.

Ex. For some patrons, “McDonalds has the best burger in all of America” (Roberts 164).

Long Quotations

Although they are discouraged, long quotations that are four or more lines of prose should be places in a free standing block of text and indented one inch from the left margin.

[EXAMPLE] 

Former Governor speaking about his lost presidential bid said: Winning an election in the US is not an easy endeavor, particularly the US presidential election. This is because the US presidential election is complex in regard to the laws that apply to campaigning, the electoral college, polling, the campaigning process, party affiliations among other intricacies. Campaigning is a candidate’s most important tool to win the US presidential election (Smith 75).

Author/Authors

Authors	Reference
A Work by Multiple Authors	According to Keefer, Philip, and Razvan Vlaicu, a candidate raises money from donors who are mostly business interests seeking favors (3). Or For the most part a candidate raises money from donors who are mostly business interests seeking favors (Keefer, Philip, and Razvan Vlaicu 76).
Unknown Author	("How to Win an Election" 6).
Organization as an Author	First time According to The Heritage Foundation (5),... Subsequent citations …key among them being finance (5).
Authors With the Same Last Name:	…fake news (S. Taylor 12), critics maintain the benefits of social media outweigh the drawbacks (R. Taylor 46).
multiple works by the same author	Keefer states that… elections” (Vote buying 51). Additionally, Keefer maintains that…. can contribute to a campaign" (About Campaign Promises 3).
Citing the Bible	.. All things are lawful for me (New International Verision, 1 Corinthians 6:12).
Citing indirect sources	Keefer argues that "there is more to winning an election that campaigning" (qtd. in Portman 259).

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[대학 입학 에세이] Admission Essay: SOP SAMPLE- by homeworkvan

안녕하세요 homeworkvan 입니다.


많으신 분들이 학교입학에세이는 어떻게 써야햐사는지 궁금해 하셔서 오늘은 SOP 에 대한 샘플을 올릴 예정이에요 :)

얼마 전, 서비스 신청하셨다 찾아 가지 않으신 분이 있어서 어떻게 할까 생각하다가,
입학 에세이에 대해서 궁금하신 분들이 참고하실수 있도록 블로그에 올리기로 결정했어요.
문의주시고 찾아가지 않으신 분께도 미리 양해 구하고 올리는 거니까 참고해주세요 :)

아래 PART I - 한글버전은 의뢰주실 때 보내주셨던 한글 버전이에요 :)

샘플은 참고하실 수 있게 빨간 박스 안에 있는 1번 질문만 올리도록 할게요.

PART I - 한글버전

학교에서 요구하는 질문은:

제공해셨던 내용만으로 350자를 채우기에는 내용이 너무 부실했구요~

PART I 은 주신 내용을 베이스로 SOP 진행해보았어요~

아래는 최종본이니 한번 읽어보시고 참고해보시길 바랄게요 :)

-PART I 은 문의를 주셨다가 찾아가지 않으신 분의 한글버전 정보 베이스로 진행을 도와드린 입학에세이 샘플이구요~

-PART II 는 General 하게 쓰일수있는 SOP를 저희가 임의로 Make It Up 해서 진행한 입학에세이 샘플이에요!

두가지 샘플 모두 다 참고해서 보시면 좋을것같아요 :)

PART I

1. Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contributed to group efforts over time.  

Among my many life experiences, none has been as influential in imparting leadership skills as compared to my experience taking up Taekwondo. I am a Taekwondo third rank, black belt. To get to my current rank, I underwent rigorous training that required utmost discipline. Accordingly, Taekwondo taught me perseverance. As a leader, I am cognizant that I will face various difficulties. However, I have the perseverance and continuous drive mentality that Taekwondo instilled in me to never give up. 

Secondly, as a third rank black belt, I have been able to train children on the art of Taekwondo at a local Taekwondo academy. I was a Taekwondo instructor for five months, during which I was able to hone my leadership skills. Moreover, there were times I would allow older students to coach the younger students. This, in turn, taught me how to delegate roles as a leader and give others a chance to show leadership. While training and working in the Taekwondo field in the United States, I have had the pleasure of meeting people from different cultural backgrounds. Teaching Taekwondo to a diverse group of students has taught me the importance of appreciating diversity as a leader. At the same time, Taekwondo taught me how to be courteous and respectful to others. These lessons I continue to practice in my daily life.

Additionally, Taekwondo taught me the importance of controlling my focus. This has been a valuable lesson I have applied as a leader to help me avoid distractions and achieve the hard tasks in front of me. Overall, I've been lucky enough in my life to have some great opportunities and experiences through Taekwondo. The tenets of leadership I have learned through Taekwondo work together to reinforce each other and make me a better leader.

PART II

Describe an example of your leadership experience in which you have positively influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contributed to group efforts over time (300 words).  

Service, a passion for developing others and getting them in line for the benefit of a group or organization is what I believe leadership should be about, and the heights I consistently desire to attain. My father put all his effort for our benefit and always ensured he exuded an aura of authority while still being relatable. I subconsciously acquired similar traits and took up the responsibility of managing individuals while ensuring that they feel like they have a listening ear. 

Over the last several years, I have been fortunate to engage myself in various scenarios that required my leadership input. The situation I resonate with the most was when I was tasked with being a peer tutor to a group of five students at my former high school. Since I had a strong grasp of mathematical concepts, I could deliver lessons in a manner relatable to my peers. In the beginning, they were unmotivated and completely distrusting in my capabilities. I began applying my leadership ability in resource allocation and critical thinking to produce learning schedules and identify areas for improvement respectively. Following, I motivated them by offering praise to improve their self-confidence and using student experiences to attach personal meaning to the study material. I am glad to say that they were all successful in their final exams leading to an average rise of 1.2 points in their GPAs.

Seeing people develop into the best versions of themselves is something that I am most passionate. I not only want to see an individual prosper, but even organizations and systems around me and I believe that is what leadership is all about. A strong leader ensures that they can obtain the best out of a person for not only their own sake, but also for the sake of relevant stakeholders. 

마지막으로, SOP 진행하실 때는, 본인 스토리를 최대한 클리어하고 조리있게 표현하시는게 제일 중요하시구요~ 그리고, Prompt 에 맞춰서 답변 하시는거 잊지 말아주세요! :)

입학에세이 준비하시는 분들께 조금이나마 도움 되셨으면 좋겠구요~!
샘플 읽어주신 모든 분들께 감사드립니다! :)

PS. Plagiarism Report 가 8%인 이유는 질문부분때문에 그러하니 참고부탁드려요 :)

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The following is PLAGIARISM REPORT for 'Admission Essay: SOP SAMPLE (입학 에세이) - by homeworkvan'.

PART I - Plagiarism Report

PART II - Plagiarism Report

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