Analyze the articles Assignment Sample: Reproductive Rights among Marginalized Women - by homeworkvan

Analyze The Articles Assignment Sample:

Reproductive Rights among Marginalized Women

Views regarding women of color have negatively impacted reproductive rights for marginalized women by making it possible for white people to exercise their power in making decisions that affect their bodies. This is based on notions of racial difference that emphasize the inferiority of people of color; thereby defining them as a group of people who should be dominated. In his 2017 article, Piers discusses the negative history of the contraceptive pill. The contraceptive pill is the foundation to women’s reproductive rights and was key in the feminist movement. However, the use of women of color to perform early clinical trials reflects their unequal treatment when it comes to reproductive rights; and is typical of the unidimensional approach to women’s rights. In this case, the use of Puerto Rican women in clinical trials against their will, without informing them of the side effects or even that they were part of a clinical trial, ignored the issues of race, ethnicity, and geographical location that are essential to intersectionality in reproductive rights.

White women dominate discussions on reproductive rights, a product of their perceived superiority, to the detriment of women of color. The social position of women of color places them at a disadvantage with regards to the fact that they have more limited power to assert control over their own bodies compared to white women. For instance, it was easier to conduct the pill trials on Puerto Rican women because they were people of color and poor (Portee, 2017). Women of color face different challenges than white women due to societal perceptions of racial inferiority. Differences in race are used to justify the belief of ‘primitive’ people of color who must be dominated. This is most significantly seen in a survey of contraceptive use in Puerto Rico, where 46% of women aged 18 to 44 reported being sterilized (Portee, 2017). The dominant belief in this racial inferiority therefore means that women of color have fewer choices compared to their white counterparts when it comes to making reproductive decisions. Furthermore, economic marginalization of women of color contributes to this problem. Society judges poor and low-income women of color harshly, suggesting that they should not make the decision to get pregnant and should not expect support for pregnancy and child care when they do.

Moreover, the sterilization of women prisoners in California illustrates how reproductive choices are taken away from women of color. The sterilization procedures were illegal and many were performed without obtaining required informed consent, meaning that the right to decide on their own reproductive health was taken away by physicians and prison officials.  Discrimination varies according to the unique combination of identities of the group being discriminated against, the unique identities of the group doing the discriminating as well as contextual factors. Women in marginalized social positions find it more difficult to exert the rights granted to them by the law due to the power held by people in higher positions, including the medical professionals who are supposed to safeguard these rights. Because these women are viewed as inferior, they are not considered fit to reproduce or even to make decisions about whether or not they want to get pregnant in the future.  In the context of highly vulnerable populations, including the poor and women in prison, the view that these people are unworthy of the right to make choices about their own bodies severely limits their reproductive rights. For instance, sterilization targeted women who were likely to be repeat offenders. The view here is that these women were not fit to exercise their reproductive rights as they would only lead to more problems by getting pregnant again. Practices such as these are rooted in perceived inferiority based on race, gender, income and class; denying marginalized women the same rights as those enjoyed by their more privileged counterparts.

Additionally, limiting of reproductive rights for women of color is based on racial stereotypes that promote negative views about groups of women. For instance, sterilizations were defended by the argument that he money spent sterilizing inmates was minimal "compared to what you save in welfare paying for these unwanted children — as they procreated more." (Johnson, 2014).  The notion of the welfare queen is often applied to black women, who are seen as lazy single mothers living off and exploiting the government. This term reflects the dominant views of society, which sees poverty as the results of bad mothers and places blame on them for their economic condition. Further, it refers to a culture of poverty with matriarchal families, absent fathers, obsession with sex and violence and young mothers. The view of black women as lazy people who want to do nothing but expect to be taken care of is used to justify limiting black women’s reproductive rights. Society tends to apply this stereotype to the majority of black women and promote the opinion that they should be having more children as they cannot effectively care for them.

The reproductive rights of black women are seen as a burden to society. More importantly, this dominant view ignores the fact that black women are more likely to have limited economic opportunities and face more discrimination and sexual exploitation in the workplace; both of which lead to poverty and low income. Reproductive rights are at the core of the feminist movement, but unfortunately tend to favor white women and alienate women of color and marginalized women. Racial inequality, culture, social class and income are also used as avenues to take away the choices of women of color; and marginalized women encounter more challenges in asserting their reproductive rights.  

References

Johnson, Corey (2014). Calif. female inmates sterilized illegally. USA Today. Retrieved from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/06/20/california-female-inmates-sterilized/11037129/

Portee, Alex (2017). Female medical students in Puerto Rico were threatened with expulsion if they did not participate in initial research trials of the pill. Retrieved from https://fierce.wearemitu.com/no-pos-wow/the-twisted-history-of-the-puerto-rican-pill-trials/

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Nursing Assignment Sample: Affordable Care Act Assignment - by homeworkvan

Affordable Care Act Assignment:

What is the purpose for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010. What are some titles of the Act? What happens if a state fails to comply with the PPACA? Are there drawbacks to the PPACA?

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, also known as the Affordable Care Act and Obamacare, is a national legislation formulated and enacted by the 111^th Congress of the United States of America under the leadership of the then President Barack Obama in 2010 (Kantarjian, 2017). The title “Affordable Care Act” is an abbreviation of the actual name of the legislation and is often abbreviated “ACA”. The name “Obamacare,” which is unofficial, was once used to refer to the law derisively by opponents of the law and of President Barack Obama before his supporters reclaimed it and the president used it himself (Rigby, Clark, & Pelika, 2014).

 The purpose of this law was to make the current health insurance schemes available, both public and private, as inclusive and affordable as possible. The implementation of the provisions of this law was intended to take place between the time of its enactment and the year 2020 (Kantarjian, 2017). However, the majority of these provisions were implemented in the year 2014. In particular, this law sought to enable the inclusion of disadvantaged populations such as the poor, the unemployed, and immigrants. In a bid to meet these objectives, the law changed the eligibility criterion for people seeking healthcare services to enrol as many people as possible. Further, the regulation outlines the ways this program is funded such as through taxation for the subsidization of healthcare among American people, and annual penalties among others (Rigby et al., 2014). Other issues that are addressed in the Affordable Care Act include reimbursement, the role of the healthcare provider, primary prevention, and risk corridors for those who were hesitant to enrol.

Obamacare is a controversial law which some people, especially critics of the former President Obama, would rather not follow. However, the Affordable Care Act is a legally binding legislation with repercussions for non-compliance like any other law (Kantarjian, 2017). The law provides for penalties for people who do not honour the provisions of the law. Such penalties include one percent of an individual’s income or ninety five thousand dollars, whichever figure is larger. This penalty increases with each year of not subscribing and has been pegged on the standards of living since the year 2016 (Rigby et al., 2014). Businesses and firms are also charged with the failure of providing their employees with the organizational options provide for by the Affordable Care Act which are referred to as health plans.

            In spite of the noble reasons for which it was enacted, the Affordable Care Act has suffered several drawbacks. One of the biggest drawbacks is the politicization of this law as well as associated activities. Since the Affordable Care Act idea was put to the public, there has been unrelenting opposition from some politicians in the United States of America (Kantarjian, 2017). In fact, the initial reference to the law as “Obamacare” was derisive. Further, the current President of the United States of America has attempted to overhaul the entire law and replacing it with another healthcare law which has been dubbed “Trumpcare.” Such political interference is a drawback which may cause the proposed benefits of the law never to be actualized.

References

Kantarjian, H. M. (2017). The Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare, 3 years later: A reality check. Cancer, 123(1), 25-28.

Rigby, E., Clark, J. H., & Pelika, S. (2014). Party politics and enactment of “Obamacare”: a policy-centered analysis of minority party involvement. Journal of health politics, policy and law, 39(1), 57-95.

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Nursing Assignment Sample: Best Healthcare Hiring Practices Discussion Post - by homeworkvan

Best Healthcare Hiring Practices Discussion Post:

What do you think are the best hiring practices in healthcare? Why do you think clear communication (from employer and prospective employee) is extremely important? 

The healthcare industry, just like any other, require manpower for the smooth running of its services and the achievement of its goals and objectives. The healthcare system requires staff such as administrators, healthcare providers such as nurses, doctors, laboratory technicians, and physical therapists besides support staff. Organizations are best advised to have effective and efficient hiring practices for the healthcare industry. Such practices are only actualized by the existence of a human resources department and a strategy to facilitate the selection and hiring processes for healthcare workers.

The timing of the recruitment and hiring process is one of the practices which assure the organization of acquiring competent employees. The timing of the hiring process should not be too long before or after the establishment of vacant skills in the health workplace. Attempting to complete this process in haste as a result of lack of time will result in the selection of people who may be unfit for the job. For instance, Rothwell, Jackson, Ressler, Jones, and Brower (2015) observe that 46% of people who are newly employed by an organization usually leave firms within an average of eighteen months and the hasty recruitment of workers is one of the reasons.

Additionally, the healthcare industry would benefit from the hiring of employees who have adequate clinical experience especially for health services (Srinivasan & Chandwani, 2014). Healthcare service providers’ skills often get better with practice and it is therefore necessary to consider doctors, nurses, and pharmacists who have significant clinical experiences. For other employees such as administrators and support staff, healthcare institutions would rather choose talent over experience.

References

Rothwell, W. J., Jackson, R. D., Ressler, C. L., Jones, M. C., & Brower, M. (2015). Career planning and succession management: Developing your organization’s talent—for today and tomorrow. ABC-CLIO.

Srinivasan, V., & Chandwani, R. (2014). HRM innovations in rapid growth contexts, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(10), 1505-1525.

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Academic Essay Tutorial - Chapter 2: Types of Academic Papers - by homeworkvan

Chapter 2: Types of Academic Papers

In this section of the writing guide, I will provide you with different types of papers. Each has a unique writing style that will be discussed in detail in subsequent sections of the appendix section. The types of papers in order of frequency include:

1.     Essays

Essays are the most common type of academic assignment. However, while they all follow the general essay structure [Introduction, Body, and Conclusion]. However, the purpose and overall approach of each type of essay is different.

1.1  Argumentative Essay

An argumentative essay is one that requires the writer to investigate a particular topic by collecting, generating and evaluating evidence to write a well a well-reason argument on a debatable issue in a concise manner. The three key considerations in an argumentative essay are:

• Clear and Concise Thesis statement
• Clear and logical structure and transitions
• Evidence support in body paragraphs [MANDATORY]

NOTE: Remember to always include a body paragraph on the opposing view to your argument followed by a refutation.

1.2  Persuasive Essay

A persuasive essay is one that requires you to use credible evidence to others on your point of view. Usually, three persuasion paradigms are used to persuade the reader to accept the author’s position. You can choose one or two paradigms to use in your paper. 

a.  Logos - Persuade using logic and reason. There are two types of reasoning: inductive and deductive reasoning.

(Logos using a deductive argument)

All men are mortal, Smith is a man, Therefore, Smith is mortal

(Logos using an inductive argument)

The ball I pulled from the box was blue, the ball I pulled out before was blue, the third ball from the ball is blue. Therefore, all balls in the box are blue.

There are various ways that people use reasoning to change the influence opinions:

·       If … then: “If A is true, then B is also true.”

·       Cause and effect: “B happens because A has happened.”

·       Either … or: “A is either true, or B is true.”

·       Better and worse: “A is better or worse than B because …”

·       Costs and benefits: “The benefits of doing A are worth/not worth the cost of B.”

·       Facts and data: “Based on the following facts, A is true and B is false.”

·       Examples: “For instance, A and B are the reasons that C happens.”

·       Anecdotes: “Because A happened, to these people, it demonstrates B.”

b. Ethos- using ethos is persuading others using ethics or credibility of cited sources. Relying on credible sources is based on the authority, reputation or character of the individual. Use credible sources from persons who are knowledgeable/experts on the subject (Basically use high-quality peer-reviewed or book sources). Here are some common uses of ethos

·       Personal experience: “I have experience with A, so I know it is true and B is not.”

·       Personal credentials: “I have a Master’s degree in A” or “I am the CEO of B, so I am a leading authority on C.”

·       Good moral character: “Based on my history of always doing the right thing, you should believe me when I say that A is best for you.”

·       Appeal to experts: “According to C, who is an expert on this subject matter, A is true and B is not true.”

·       Admission of limitations: “I may not sure about C, but I sure that A is true and B is not.”

·       Expression of good will: “I want only what is best for you, so I recommend A as the best option for you.”

For Example:

"Ford (2012), a director at Tesla Foundation opines..... " or "Research by leading researchers at MIT have shown......"

c. Pathos - Persuade using an appeal to the emotions or feelings of the reader to make an argument

A writer can appeal to various emotions.

• Promise of gain: “If you side with me, you will gain money, reputation, popularity, beauty, or love.”
• Promise of enjoyment: “If you do what I ask of you, you will experience enjoyment, joy, pleasure fun, or freedom.”
• Fear of loss: “If you do not do what I am telling you, you will risk losing money, popularity, beauty, or reputation.”
• Fear of pain: “If you do what I ask of you, you will feel regret, pain, humiliation, sadness, loneliness, or embarrassment.”

For Example: 

"If humanity continues on to destroy the environment, there will be no future left for the next generation"

"If such failures experienced by Kodak were replicated by Apple, it would become the laughing stock of the business community"

1.3  Exploratory Essay

In an exploratory essay, you should approach the topic from a neutral tone to express your objectivity on the issue. In an exploratory essay you are not trying to support a particular position, you are looking at contrasting perspectives and seeking to explain each perspective clearly, while also identifying a common ground. However, in the conclusion of an exploratory essay you should offer your personal opinion of the author on the issue and challenge the reader to decide his own opinion based on the facts presented in the essay.

See more: http://hubpages.com/literature/How-to-Write-an-Exploratory-Essay

NOTE: For most argumentative, persuasive, and exploratory essays, there is a free resource I recommend called procon.org. It lists the pros and cons of several issues. For instance, in an argumentative paper on mandatory vaccinations, the different positions (pro-vaccines and anti-vaccines) can be found at http://vaccines.procon.org/

REMEMBER, DO NOT cite procon.org. Just use it as a starting point to get the main arguments for your paper.

1.4  Compare and contrast essay

In a compare and contrast essay, the main focus is on how to things or ideas are similar to (the comparison part of the essay) and/or different from (contrasting part of the essay) one another.

1.5  Cause and Effect Essay

A cause and effect essay explains how one event leads to another event. In addition, one event can lead to several other events. This is also known as the domino effect or a causal chain.

1.6  Reflection Paper

A reflection paper is an illustration of your understanding of a given topic. In a reflection paper you must relate the class readings and experiences to how they have changed/influence your thinking and practice. Most importantly, remember that in a reflection paper you have to add your opinions, you are not simply summarizing what you have read and experienced.

NOTE: Since a reflection paper includes personal opinions, always use the first person singular (“I” or ‘me’) to relate the readings to your previous personal experience. Also ensure you follow the essay structure [introduction, Body, Conclusion].

In addition, a critical reflection essay is similar to a reflection essay, but it combines reflection with critical thinking. Therefore, from a reflection perspective you are supposed to include your personal opinion, and from a critical thinking perspective you are supposed to fit your ideas with concepts and theories presented by others.

2.     Critical Analysis

Writing a critique is about evaluating someone’s work such as a movie, an essay, a book, among others. The objective of a critical analysis is to subjectively critique the work to increase a reader’s understanding of it.

3.     Annotated Bibliography

An annotated bibliography is an alphabetically organized list of credible sources (books, journals, websites etc.). Under each source you should write a paragraph that gives a descriptive summary of the contents of the source.

Best practices of annotation

a)     Include the qualifications of the author(s)

b)     Include the purpose/scope of the source

c)     Mention the level of reading difficulty

d)     Highlight any instances of bias

e)     Highlight the findings and conclusion of the source

Another type of annotation is the critical annotation that goes beyond providing a summary and seeks to evaluate the source it terms of its usefulness and quality.

4.     Memo

A memo is a type of business letter that is meant to bring attention to problems and solve the identified problems. A memo should be short and concise with headings that clarify the content of the segment. Importantly, the content should be organized in bullet form for ease of clarity rather than long paragraphs. Another type of annotation is the critical annotation that goes beyond providing a summary and seeks to evaluate the source it terms of its usefulness and quality.

5.     Case Study

A case study is a paper commonly used in disciplines that are client-patient oriented such as medical studies, social sciences or law.  The general format of a case study is as follows:

(a) Background of the problem

(b) The problem being tackled in the paper

(c) A plan for solving the problem

(d) The application of the solution

(e) The results

(f) The conclusion

6. Peer Reviews

In academic work you can also be tasked with conducting a peer review. This process involves suggesting revisions to a peer’s (classmate) submission.

I’d like to first begin with separating notions of revision into two categories: 

Global Revision – this is a return to the paper in which we reread the paper to see if it fits the purpose of our writing, and if it makes sense as a whole. Questions which are helpful would be:

·       Did I fulfill my purpose in writing?

·       Do my paragraphs flow together?

·       Are there any concepts which need more description or explanation?

Local Revision – more commonly known as editing, this is when we look for sentence-level errors which impact our overall work.

For example:

·       Is my sentence structure correct?

·       Do I have any mechanical errors? (Such as this: …ending”.)

·       Do I have any spelling mistakes?

Tip: as a professional writer and academic, what I often do when writing my own work is: do my planning, draft up the work, SAVE it, and then close the computer and go out and play. When I return with fresh eyes, I reread the work slowly and out loud, asking myself if everything is making sense. 

I am attaching a sheet with common writing errors in student work for reference.

Then, our next question is, how to be helpful to our peers?

1. When doing peer edits, it’s helpful to comment to your classmates in using both global and local revision, and commenting on both what they did well, and suggestions for improvement.

Here’s an example from a student from on a classmate’s analysis on MLK’s “I Have a Dream Speech”:

Hi friend! Here’s my feedback on your paper:

            For global revisions, I really liked your intro and how you explained the context of Dr. King’s speech, and I liked how you used textual evidence in your paper. For example, when you said, “Dr. King repeats the phrase, “Let freedom ring” in the last paragraph, and then names places all over the U.S. This is especially effective as a pathos-based appeal, since gives the listener a way to feel connected to people all over the U.S.”

            Suggestions for improvement: Your conclusion is fairly short – only two sentences! Maybe you could beef that up by adding a personal reflection on what the speech meant to you?

            For local revisions, I noticed that you had several misspellings throughout the paper, and there were a few times (in paragraphs 2 and 5) I couldn't understand your sentences. Maybe revise for clarity?

 Hope this helps!

 Sincerely,

 XXX

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